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Learning, Interim (4th) Edition

Sloan Publishing and the Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies are proud to announce the recent publication of the updated Fourth Edition of A. Charles Catania's classic LEARNING textbook. As in previous editions, this update presents a coherent treatment of both animal learning and human learning literatures while focusing on the research findings of cognition, ethology, foraging theory, higher-order classes of behavior, equivalence classes, biological constraints on learning, and social learning processes. The author uses experimental data to illuminate the relevance of basic principles to important human concepts, e.g., language, memory, self-awareness, freedom of choice, and self-control. While containing all of the animal and human learning coverage of the 1998 Fourth Edition, this updated edition contains 40 pages of new material in special sections throughout the text, including tables that summarize Sources of Novel Behavior, The Vocabulary of Verbal Behavior, and Varieties of Memory. This new edition is available in paperback at the low student price of $52.95.

Catania is an Italian city on the east coast of Sicily facing the Ionian Sea, between Messina and Syracuse. It is the capital of the eponymous province, and with 298,957 inhabitants (752,895 in the Metropolitan Area) it is the second-largest city on the island.
The position of Catania at the foot of Mount Etna was the source, as Strabo remarks, both of benefits and evils to the city. For on the one hand, the violent outbursts of the volcano from time to time desolated great parts of its territory; on the other, the volcanic ashes produced a soil of great fertility, adapted especially for the growth of vines.
Under the city run the river Amenano, visible in just one point, south of Piazza Duomo and the river Longane or Lognina.

Catania, nel corso dei suoi 2700 anni di storia (la sua fondazione risale al 730 a.c.), ha vissuto epoche di splendore e di distruzione. E’ stata una citta greca, romana, bizantina, araba, normanna, sveva, angioina, aragonese, spagnola: dunque, inevitabilmente, una citta aperta e tollerante.
Ma soprattutto Catania puo essere considerata un simbolo della rinascita: tante volte distrutta dalle forze della natura – il suo Vulcano, i terremoti – e dai conquistatori che in piu occasioni l’hanno saccheggiata e rasa al suolo, altrettante volte e risorta dalle macerie, con perseveranza e coraggio.
Catania e una citta di 297.842 abitanti,capoluogo dell'omonima provincia. E il secondo comune della Sicilia per popolazione e per densita abitativa comunale, nonche la piu popolata delle citta italiane che non sono capoluogo di regione. L'agglomerato urbano comprende una popolazione di circa 600.000 abitanti,mentre l'area metropolitana ne conta circa 750.000, rendendo la metropoli etnea una delle piu popolose d'Italia.
In epoca storica, e stata distrutta ben sette volte da eruzioni vulcaniche (la piu grande, in epoca storica, e quella del 1669) e da terremoti (i piu catastrofici sono stati quelli del 1169 e del 1693).
Il suo centro storico e stato dichiarato patrimonio dell'umanita.

Font : Wikipedia

729 v. Chr. wurde Katane, das heutige Catania, von Griechen gegrundet. Im Laufe der mehr als 2.700jahrigen Geschichte wurde die Stadt viermal durch Lavastrome des Atna und dreimal durch Erdbeben zerstort, aber immer wieder an der selben Stelle aufgebaut. Im 17. Jahrhundert (il secolo maledetto) begrub die Lava 1669 einen Grossteil der Altstadt und veranderte den Kustenverlauf und 1693 zerstorte ein schweres Erdbeben die Stadt fast vollig und kostete zwei Drittel der Bevolkerung das Leben. Danach wurde Catania im spatbarocken Stil wieder aufgebaut und gehort heute zusammen mit den damals ebenfalls zerstorten Stadten im Val di Noto zum UNESCO-Welterbe. Catania wird als die schwarze Tochter des Atna bezeichnet, da Lavagestein als Baumaterial und fur die Strassenpflasterung verwendet wurde und da viele Gebaude einen anthrazitfarbenen Anstrich in Kombination mit hellem Sandstein aufweisen.

Das Benediktinerkloster San Nicolo befand sich ursprunglich in Nicolosi am Hang des Atna, wo es durch Vulkanausbruche gefahrdet war. Daher zog der Benediktinerorden im 16. Jh. nach Catania um, wo ein neues Kloster errichtet wurde. Die Klosterkirche wurde durch den Ausbruch des Atna 1669 stark beschadigt und 1693 wurde die gesamte Klosteranlage bei dem verheerenden Erdbeben vollig zerstort. Anfang des 18. Jh. begann der reiche Orden mit dem Wiederaufbau des grossen und prachtigen Klosters. Es ist nach dem Kloster Mafra in Portugal das zweitgrosste Kloster in Europa, in dem heute der Fachbereich Literatur der Universitat von Catania seinen Sitz hat.

Die Kloster besitzt zwei Kreuzgange, von denen der zweite schon zur ursprunglichen Anlage gehorte. 1606 wurde der Portikus und der Brunnen aus Marmor angelegt. Beide wurden durch das Erdbeben von 1669 zerstort, aber wieder originalgetreu aufgebaut.

Catania is Sicily's second-largest city and is often the first place where foreign tourists arrive on the island. It's one of the island's most intriguing centers. You'll immediately sense a vibrancy and liveliness that's not so apparent in the capital. It's the best of both worlds. The pandemonium of Palermo is not here and yet the piazzas and markets are still busy, there's fantastic student nightlife with cheap food and music, some of Sicily's most pungent markets and glorious historical buildings. It has a bit of everything. The main streets have air-conditioned shopping centers, Internet cafes, banks and Gucci shoes. But turn down any side-street and it's a different story - age-old markets compete in the squares and alleyways; water is still collected from street fountains; and old shoe cobblers hammer your worn soles into place. There's variety everywhere, with Asian and Africans competing for phone and Internet business, next to century-old Sicilian bread shops. Catania is also a fantastic base from which to visit Mount Etna. The city lives very much in the shadow of the volcano, which not only dominates the skyline but has also pervaded the city. Catania was one of the first Greek colonies on the island in 729 BC and became very influential in the colonies of Magna Graecia. The city was one of the first to fall to the Romans, but it also prospered greatly in their time and has many ancient Roman relics to this day. Catania Highlights - An ice cream at Scardaci on Via Etnea; The hectic morning pescheria market by the Duomo; Baroque buildings stained with Etna's polluting dust; A saucy, delicious plate of spaghetti alla Norma; The Ciclopi islands at Aci Trezza; Cafe concerti entertainment during the summer months; Sipping a beer in Piazza Scammacca and watching the soccer on big screens.
"A great new resource." --Travel + Leisure. "The perfect companion for planning." --Rutgers Magazine. "These useful travel guides are highly recommended." --Library Journal. There aren't many places in the world you can ski and then hit the beach afterwards for a refreshing dip; see Greek, Roman, Etruscan, medieval and Arabic architecture all in the same town; and meet some of the friendliest people in the world. The richness in culture is demonstrated in the theater, cinema and art found everywhere. The coastal towns, the Mafia, the wines and foods, the astonishing history - all are explored in this guidebook. Full color throughout. This is excerpted from our full guide to Sicily.

Catania is Sicily's second-largest city and is often the first place where foreign tourists arrive on the island. It's one of the island's most intriguing centers. You'll immediately sense a vibrancy and liveliness that's not so apparent in the capital. It's the best of both worlds. The pandemonium of Palermo is not here and yet the piazzas and markets are still busy, there's fantastic student nightlife with cheap food and music, some of Sicily's most pungent markets and glorious historical buildings. It has a bit of everything. The main streets have air-conditioned shopping centers, Internet cafes, banks and Gucci shoes. But turn down any side-street and it's a different story - age-old markets compete in the squares and alleyways; water is still collected from street fountains; and old shoe cobblers hammer your worn soles into place. There's variety everywhere, with Asian and Africans competing for phone and Internet business, next to century-old Sicilian bread shops. Catania is also a fantastic base from which to visit Mount Etna. The city lives very much in the shadow of the volcano, which not only dominates the skyline but has also pervaded the city. Catania was one of the first Greek colonies on the island in 729 BC and became very influential in the colonies of Magna Graecia. The city was one of the first to fall to the Romans, but it also prospered greatly in their time and has many ancient Roman relics to this day. Catania Highlights - An ice cream at Scardaci on Via Etnea; The hectic morning pescheria market by the Duomo; Baroque buildings stained with Etna's polluting dust; A saucy, delicious plate of spaghetti alla Norma; The Ciclopi islands at Aci Trezza; Cafe concerti entertainment during the summer months; Sipping a beer in Piazza Scammacca and watching the soccer on big screens.
"A great new resource." --Travel + Leisure. "The perfect companion for planning." --Rutgers Magazine. "These useful travel guides are highly recommended." --Library Journal. There aren't many places in the world you can ski and then hit the beach afterwards for a refreshing dip; see Greek, Roman, Etruscan, medieval and Arabic architecture all in the same town; and meet some of the friendliest people in the world. The richness in culture is demonstrated in the theater, cinema and art found everywhere. The coastal towns, the Mafia, the wines and foods, the astonishing history - all are explored in this guidebook. Full color throughout. This is excerpted from our full guide to Sicily.